Author: Dylan Payne Royce

For citation, please use: Royce, D.P., 2025. The Behavior of Particularistic and Universalistic States. Russia in Global Affairs, 23(1), pp. 70–99. DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2025-23-1-70-99 This article proposes a Theory of State Behavior’s Determination by Particularistic/Universalistic Identity-Morality-Ideology. Particularists—states motivated by particularistic identity-morality-ideologies (IMIs), such as civilizationism—are largely free to conduct realpolitik in pursuit of their vital-realpolitik (VR)…