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Prohibited Force
The Meaning of ‘Use of Force’ in International Law
Prohibited ‘use of force’ under article () of the UN Charter and customary international law has until now not been clearly defined, despite its central importance in the international legal order and for international peace and security. This book accordingly offers an original framework to identify prohibited uses of force, including those that use emerging technology or take place in newer military domains such as outer space.
The End of Russian Hegemony: A New Transactional Order Arises in the South Caucasus
Moscow’s role as the regional hegemon in the South Caucasus ended with Russia’s war on Ukraine. The region faces instability from old antagonisms and shifting power dynamics. Azerbaijan has become a key shaper of the regional security order. Other powers, including Türkiye, Iran, China, and the EU, are more active, but none can guarantee a stable order. Transactionalism and ongoing vulnerabilities define the disorder, while intraregional cooperation depends on Armenia and Azerbaijan overcoming hostilities.